Fear & Greed Index: What It Is and How It Works?

Investing evokes intense emotions. Our feelings about the markets fluctuate drastically, shifting between optimism and dread. This pendulum swings between euphoria and anxiety is known as the investor sentiment cycle. Learning to recognise its patterns is vital for investment success. This is where the Fear and Greed Index comes in.

The Fear and Greed Index, also called the Market Mood Index, aims to quantify investor emotion. It assigns a numerical score representing the sentiment driving markets at any moment. The index ranges from 0 to 100. Low values signify extreme fear, while high values indicate unchecked greed. Identifying current sentiment provides insight into market psychology crucial for informed investment decisions.

• Table of contents

• What does the fear & greed index represent?
• Key elements of the fear & greed index
• How does the fear & greed index function?
• Benefits of using the fear & greed index
• Limitations of the fear & greed index
• The Fear and Greed Index Indicators

What does the fear & greed index represent?

The Fear and Greed Index measures the relative levels of two opposing emotions - fear and greed - among stock market investors at a given time. It aims to quantify investor sentiment numerically on a scale from 0 to 100.

The index was created in the early 2000s by analysts to gauge the influence of psychology on investor decisions and stock prices. It is calculated daily based on a combination of technical and survey inputs.

Key elements of the fear & greed index

The Fear and Greed Index incorporates two categories of metrics in its calculation.

Price-based metrics analyse technical stock market data to assess investor sentiment. They include -

• Price momentum
• Number of stocks hitting 52-week highs vs. lows
• Proportion of stocks advancing vs. declining
• Put and call options volume
• Market volatility

How does the fear & greed index function?

The Fear and Greed Index algorithm analyses the metrics input each day to generate a score from 0 to 100 reflecting market sentiment. The calculation gives no single indicator disproportionate weight.

Scores below 20 indicate extreme fear. Readings above 80 signify extreme greed. The 40 to 60 range reflects neutral sentiment. Comparing the latest readings to past values provides context for assessing current investor psychology.

Some details on how the calculation works.

• Price-based metrics are scored based on their relationship to sentiment, then normalised to a 0 to 100 scale. For example, high volatility signals greater fear.
• Survey-based metrics directly provide sentiment readings on a 0 to 100 scale. For example, the investor survey may ask respondents to rate sentiment on a 1 to 7 scale.
• The final index reading is a weighted average of the normalised price metric scores and raw survey scores.

The index aim is not to predict markets, but rather measure the current level of fear and greed they reflect. Tracking its daily values allows investors to gauge extremes in market psychology.

Benefits of using the fear & greed index

The Fear and Greed Index provides investors two main benefits.

Identifying sentiment extremes - Readings below 20 or above 80 often indicate a divergence between investor emotion and market fundamentals. Recognising when panic or euphoria detach from fundamentals provides potential investment opportunities.

Contextualising markets - Seeing where current readings fall relative to past values offers perspective on market behavior. A reading of 45 may feel quite fearful in a bull market but neutral after a correction. Understanding relative sentiment helps investment decisions.

The index allows assessing markets objectively, beyond simply reacting to them. This helps investors avoid buying when greed pushes markets too high or panicking when temporary fear drives prices too low. Used prudently, it promotes disciplined investing anchored in data rather than emotion.

Limitations of the fear & greed index

While beneficial, the Fear and Greed Index does have some limitations to consider.

• Not a precise market timing tool - it identifies sentiment extremes but does not pinpoint reversals.
• Reflects current sentiment only; does not predict future performance.
• Some input data availability constraints exist.
• Works best alongside fundamental, technical, and macroeconomic indicators, not as a standalone tool.

The index does not indicate precisely when to buy or sell. But used with other analysis, it provides valuable input for investment decisions. Understanding both the pros and cons allows maximising its utility.

The Fear and Greed Index Indicators

The index ranges from 0 to 100, where 0 signals extreme fear and 100 indicates extreme greed.
Here’s how the sentiment is classified:

0 to 24: Extreme fear

Investors are highly apprehensive, which may lead to selling pressure. This could be driven by factors such as economic uncertainty, geopolitical risks, or major market corrections.

25 to 44: Fear

Investors remain cautious but not as intensely as in extreme fear conditions. This sentiment often results in a more conservative investment approach.

45 to 55: Neutral

Sentiment is balanced, with neither excessive fear nor greed. The market could experience relatively stable phases during this period.

56 to 75: Greed

Optimism among investors increases, potentially driving higher buying activity. In India, this could be fueled by strong economic growth, positive corporate earnings, or favorable policy developments.

76 to 100: Extreme greed

Excessive optimism prevails, which could lead to market bubbles. Caution is necessary in this phase, as corrections may be sharp.

Conclusion

The Fear and Greed Index delivers an unbiased, quantified measure of investor sentiment. Monitoring its ups and downs aids long-term investment success. It should complement evaluation of fundamentals, technicals, and macro trends for a complete perspective.

While just one tool among many, understanding the cycle between fear and greed is key for investing wisely. Utilising the Fear and Greed Index moves investors closer to mastering emotional cycles and investing with conviction.

FAQs:

What is the concept of fear and greed?

Fear and greed refer to the emotional pendulum driving market volatility. Greed manifests as confidence and euphoria in rising markets, while fear appears as uncertainty and panic in falling markets.

What are the benefits of the fear and greed index?

The main benefits are identifying investor sentiment extremes and providing context on current market psychology relative to past periods. This helps avoid buying when greed is too high or panicking when fear detaches from fundamentals.

What are the 7 indicators of the fear and greed index?

The 7 indicators are market momentum, stock price strength, stock price breadth, put and call options, junk bond demand, market volatility, and safe haven demand.

How is fear and greed calculated in the index?

It incorporates price metrics analysed for their relationship to sentiment and survey metrics directly measuring sentiment. The final 0 to 100 reading is a weighted blend of the normalised price metrics and raw survey scores.

What does the fear and greed index tell us?

It provides a numerical measure of investor emotions from 0 (extreme fear) to 100 (extreme greed). Identifying extremes suggests prices have detached from fundamentals due to excessive optimism or pessimism. This helps spot opportunities and avoid overreacting to temporary cycles driven by fear and greed.

Mutual Fund investments are subject to market risks, read all scheme related documents carefully.
This document should not be treated as endorsement of the views / opinions or as an investment advice. This document should not be construed as a research report or a recommendation to buy or sell any security. This document is for information purpose only and should not be construed as a promise on minimum returns or safeguard of capital. This document alone is not sufficient and should not be used for the development or implementation of an investment strategy. The recipient should note and understand that the information provided above may not contain all the material aspects relevant for making an investment decision. Investors are advised to consult their own investment advisor before making any investment decision in light of their risk appetite, investment goals and horizon. This information is subject to change without any prior notice.